Student News Net: Thanks for your great questions Wyoming students! We will get answers from Bryan asap. On the last question, from our previous research on plants, carotene pigments are responsible for orange and yellow colors in many fruits and vegetables. Anthocyanin pigments are responsible for red/purple colors in some fruits and vegetables such as apples and blueberries but we will do more research on red onions to make sure the red color is due to anthocyanins. Thanks!